What's the difference between all of the processors in computers?

I know how Intel and AMD have different ones...but now I see Sempron and Pentium-M and Pentium-D etc...I want to know the ones made by each company and where they stand, and how the notebook chips measure up against each other and the desktop chips.

Architecture:

Basic design of a microprocessor. It may include processor technology and/or other architectural enhancements.

Cache:A temporary storage for frequently accessed or recently accessed data. Having certain data stored in a cache speeds up the operation of the computer. Cache size is measured in megabytes (MB) or kilobytes (KB).Clock Speed:Speed of the processor's internal clock which dictates how fast the processor can process the data. Clock speed is usually measured in GHz (gigahertz, or billions of pulses per second).Front Side Bus:The connecting path between the processor and other key components such as the memory controller hub. FSB speed is measured in GHz or MHz.Level 2 Cache:A collection of built-in memory chips, slower than the Level 1 Cache but faster than the main memory area. Level 2 (L2) Cache can help speed the operation of some applications.